Cypher comes with a variety of built-in functions that can be used to manipulate and process data within a query. This section will cover the most commonly used functions in Cypher, including string, numeric, temporal, list functions and others.
String Functions
Cypher has several functions for manipulating string values:
UPPERandLOWER: Convert a string to upper or lower case.RETURN UPPER('hello'), LOWER('WORLD') // Returns 'HELLO', 'world'SUBSTRING: Extract a substring from a string.RETURN SUBSTRING('Hello, world!', 0, 5) // Returns 'Hello'TRIM: Remove whitespace from the beginning and end of a string.RETURN TRIM(' hello ') // Returns 'hello'REPLACE: Replace all occurrences of a substring within a string.RETURN REPLACE('Hello, world!', 'world', 'Cypher') // Returns 'Hello, Cypher!'
Numeric Functions
Cypher provides functions for performing mathematical operations:
ABS: Returns the absolute value of a number.RETURN ABS(-5) // Returns 5ROUND,FLOOR, andCEIL: Round a number to the nearest integer, down to the nearest integer, or up to the nearest integer.RETURN ROUND(3.14), FLOOR(3.14), CEIL(3.14) // Returns 3, 3, 4SQRT: Returns the square root of a number.RETURN SQRT(9) // Returns 3
Temporal Functions
Cypher also includes functions for working with dates and times:
DATE: Create a date value.RETURN DATE('2023-05-18')TIME: Create a time value.RETURN TIME('12:34:56')DATETIME: Create a date-time value.RETURN DATETIME('2023-05-18T12:34:56')duration.between: Calculate the duration between two date, time, or date-time values.RETURN duration.between(DATE('2023-05-18'), DATE('2023-06-18')) // Returns 'P31D'
List Functions
Cypher provides several functions for working with list values:
SIZE: Return the number of elements in a list.RETURN SIZE([1, 2, 3]) // Returns 3COLLECT: Aggregate values into a list.MATCH (p:Person) RETURN COLLECT(p.name)RANGE: Create a list of integers within a range.RETURN RANGE(1, 5) // Returns [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Other Functions
There are many other functions available in Cypher, for handling different types of data and operations. A few examples include:
TYPE: Return the type of a relationship.MATCH (a)-[r]->(b) RETURN TYPE(r)ID: Return the internal ID of a node or relationship.MATCH (p:Person { name: 'John Doe' }) RETURN ID(p)EXISTS: Check if a property or path exists.MATCH (p:Person { name: 'John Doe' }) RETURN EXISTS(p.age)
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